Summary: The video titled "Critical Reasoning - Karl Popper, Science, & Pseudoscience: Crash Course Philosophy #8" explores the significant developments in Western science during the early 20th century. It highlights the contributions of key figures such as Albert Einstein, who introduced groundbreaking theories of relativity, and Sigmund Freud, who played a crucial role in establishing psychology as a formal discipline. The focus is on Karl Popper's philosophical framework for differentiating science from pseudoscience.