In this post, I’m going to discuss a vulnerability I discovered in Ledger hardware wallets. The vulnerability arose due to Ledger’s use of a custom architecture to work around many of the limitations of their Secure Element.

"Background on Hardware Wallets: Cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, use public key cryptography to protect funds. You can only spend the funds if you have the private key. This creates an issue for the user as to how they should secure their private key. Humans are notoriously terrible at securing secrets and devices; even security experts are not infallible. To solve this problem, a class of devices called “hardware wallets” have been invented...

In this post, I’m going to discuss a vulnerability I discovered in Ledger hardware wallets. The vulnerability arose due to Ledger’s use of a custom architecture to work around many of the limitations of their Secure Element.

"Background on Hardware Wallets: Cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, use public key cryptography to protect funds. You can only spend the funds if you have the private key. This creates an issue for the user as to how they should secure their private key. Humans are notoriously terrible at securing secrets and devices; even security experts are not infallible. To solve this problem, a class of devices called “hardware wallets” have been invented...